OBSERVATIONS
13,264Rows are repeated measurements, not a headcount.01 / COUNT WHAT IS IN THE FILE
13,264 recorded rows.
Not 13,264 independent people.
Each HIT appears four times, and the same workers contribute multiple observations. Before testing an association, the analysis must account for what the rows represent.
WORKER IDENTIFIERS
434Unique IDs in the file; not independently verified identities.HITS
3,316Every HIT contributes four recorded rows.The audit in one minute: Dividing 13,264 rows by four gives 3,316 HITs. Counting worker IDs gives 434. These are three different units of analysis, and the distinction affects uncertainty and interpretation.
Recorded rows
A naïve analysis might treat every row as an independent person.
Worker IDs
The same worker IDs and HITs recur in the observations.
Worker-level ρ
The aggregated rank association (n = 432) is near zero; it is exploratory, not causal.